Title: Vo DT, et al. Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as flea adulticides in small animals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;33(4):315-22.
Title: Rust MK, et al. Efficacy and longevity of nitenpyram against adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol. 2003 Sep;40(5):678-81.